Rethinking Racism: Towards a Structural Interpretation

http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/51290/1/526.pd

The 'New Racism': Toward an Analysis of the U.S. Racial Structure, 1960s-1990s

http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/51300/1/536.pd

¿Aquí no hay racismo?: Apuntes preliminares sobre lo racial en las Américas

Indexación: Revista UNAB.A fines de la década de los ochenta, cuando empecé a interesarme en estudiar lo racial, intenté discutir con mi padre, un negro puertorriqueño, la importancia del racismo en Puerto Rico. Le hablé sobre la limitada representación de los negros en la academia, banca, televisión y otras esferas importantes. Le recordé el racismo en nuestra cultura popular, por ejemplo, en proverbios racistas como “El negro la caga o a la entrada o a la salida” y en canciones, chistes, y en nuestra noción de los negros como gente que cocinan y bailan bien, fuertes y jocosos, y, sobre todo, seres hipersexuales. Su respuesta me sorprendió: “Eduardo, eres un negrito acomplejao”1. Me dijo que en Puerto Rico no había racismo como en los Estado Unidos y que lo que teníamos era alguna gente prejuiciada. Yo me enojé muchísimo y le recordé los innumerables incidentes que ambos sufrimos de prejuicio y discriminación en la isla, no solo en la esfera pública sino también en el ámbito familiar

Analysis of the finalization of the attack in equalized games of high level handball using polar coordinates

En este trabajo se estudia la eficacia de la finalización del ataque en los momentos finales de partidos igualados de balonmano de alto nivel. Para ello se analizaron los diez minutos finales de 55 partidos pertenecientes a los CM 2011 y JJOO 2012 de categoría masculina y femenina donde el marcador final no superó los tres goles de diferencia entre ganador y perdedor. El diseño de la investigación se realizó siguiendo los pasos que establece la metodología observacional. Se construyó un instrumento de observación “ad hoc” y se cumplieron los requisitos para garantizar la calidad del dato. Utilizando la técnica de coordenadas polares se representó la relación secuencial entre las diferentes conductas del sistema de categorías. Como resultados destacados se observó la vinculación entre la interceptación y la obtención de gol tanto en ganadores como en perdedores; la asociación de lanzamientos atajados a ganadores; y la relación de fallos de lanzamiento y errores previos al lanzamiento en perdedores.In this job the efficiency of the finalization of the attack in the final moments of equalized high level handball games is studied. For that reason the last ten minutes of 55 male and female matches of the World Championship 2011 and Olympic Games 2012 where the final score was not over a 3 goal difference between winner and loser, were analyzed. The design of the investigation was following the guidelines established by the observational methodology. An observational instrument “ad hoc” was developed and the requirements to guaranteed the data quality were accomplished. Using the polar coordinate technique, the sequential relationship between the different behaviors of the category system was presented. As highlighted results the following were seen: relationship between the interception and a goal obtained either in winner or loser; the association of throws saved to winner; the relationship between mistakes in throwing and before them.peerReviewe

Can there be a truly systematic and comprehensive theory of race?

In this ambitious new book, Mustafa Emirbayer and Matthew Desmond contend that there has never been a truly comprehensive and systematic theory of race. They go on to argue that ‘Much of our best work no longer tells us how to understand or reconstruct racial dynamics but simply gives us concrete proof of their continuing significance’ (3). To what extent does The Racial Order theoretically advance existing theorizing of race? An important contribution – and a central plank in the book – is the way in which a wide variety of cultural and social phenomena is discussed and interwoven into the analysis. The authors draw most heavily on Bourdieu, Dewey, and Durkheim, in their elaboration of the racial orde

Towards a Critical Race Methodology in Algorithmic Fairness

We examine the way race and racial categories are adopted in algorithmic fairness frameworks. Current methodologies fail to adequately account for the socially constructed nature of race, instead adopting a conceptualization of race as a fixed attribute. Treating race as an attribute, rather than a structural, institutional, and relational phenomenon, can serve to minimize the structural aspects of algorithmic unfairness. In this work, we focus on the history of racial categories and turn to critical race theory and sociological work on race and ethnicity to ground conceptualizations of race for fairness research, drawing on lessons from public health, biomedical research, and social survey research. We argue that algorithmic fairness researchers need to take into account the multidimensionality of race, take seriously the processes of conceptualizing and operationalizing race, focus on social processes which produce racial inequality, and consider perspectives of those most affected by sociotechnical systems.Comment: Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency (FAT* '20), January 27-30, 2020, Barcelona, Spai

White Habits, Anti‐Racism, and Philosophy as a Way of Life

This paper examines Pierre Hadot’s philosophy as a way of life in the context of race. I argue that a “way of life” approach to philosophy renders intelligible how anti-racist confrontation of racist ideas and institutionalized white complicity is a properly philosophical way of life requiring regulated reflection on habits – particularly, habits of whiteness. I first rehearse some of Hadot’s analysis of the “way of life” orientation in philosophy, in which philosophical wisdom is understood as cultivated by actions which result in the creation of wise habits. I analyze a phenomenological claim about the nature of habit implied by the “way of life” approach, namely, that habits can be both the cause and the effect of action. This point is central to the “way of life” philosophy, I claim, in that it makes possible the intelligent redirection of habits, in which wise habits are more the effect than simply the cause of action. Lastly, I illustrate the “way of life” approach in the context of anti-racism by turning to Linda Martín Alcoff’s whiteness anti-eliminativism, which outlines a morally defensible transformation of the habits of whiteness. I argue that anti-racism provides an intelligible context for modern day forms of what Hadot calls “spiritual exercises” insofar as the “way of life” philosophy is embodied in the practice of whites seeing themselves seeing as white and seeing themselves being seen as white

Lets Talk about Race: Identity, Chatbots, and AI

Why is it so hard for chatbots to talk about race? This work explores how the biased contents of databases, the syntactic focus of natural language processing, and the opaque nature of deep learning algorithms cause chatbots difficulty in handling race-talk. In each of these areas, the tensions between race and chatbots create new opportunities for people and machines. By making the abstract and disparate qualities of this problem space tangible, we can develop chatbots that are more capable of handling race-talk in its many forms. Our goal is to provide the HCI community with ways to begin addressing the question, how can chatbots handle race-talk in new and improved ways

Means to an End: An Assessment of the Status-blind Approach to Protecting Undocumented Worker Rights

This article applies the tenets of bureaucratic incorporation theory to an investigation of bureaucratic decision making in labor standards enforcement agencies (LSEAs), as they relate to undocumented workers. Drawing on 25 semistructured interviews with high-level officials in San Jose and Houston, I find that bureaucrats in both cities routinely evade the issue of immigration status during the claims-making process, and directly challenge employers’ attempts to use the undocumented status of their workers to deflect liability. Respondents offer three institutionalized narratives for this approach: (1) to deter employer demand for undocumented labor, (2) the conviction that the protection of undocumented workers is essential to the agency’s ability to regulate industry standards for all workers, and (3) to clearly demarcate the agency’s jurisdictional boundaries to preserve institutional autonomy and scarce resources. Within this context, enforcing the rights of undocumented workers becomes simply an institutional means to an end